Feeding-related psychosocial milestones: birth to 36 months

Stage

Psychosocial milestones

Source: Adapted from Chatoor et al.11

Birth to 3 months
Cues for feeding: arousal, cry, rooting, sucking

(homeostasis)
Caregiver responds to cues (leads to self-regulation)
Infant quiets to voice
Hunger–satiety pattern develops
Infant smile promotes interaction with primary caregiver
Pleasurable feeding experiences greater environmental interaction

3 to 6 months (attachment)
Primary interactions—”falling in love”
Reciprocity of positive infant and caregiver interactions
Consistent cues
Anticipation of feeding
Pauses likely [...]

ORAL MOTOR PATERN : LIP PATERN

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Normal Lip Patterns
 
Three normal lip patterns are lip rounding, lip spreading, and lip closure.

Lip rounding – The lips form a circular shape maintaining muscular tonal balance. This position is attained through easy, nonforceful movement. The amount of rounding can be varied as needed to obtain and maintain a seal around a feeding utensil, or [...]

Normal Oral-Motor and Swallowing Development

BIRTH TO 36 MONTHS
 
 

0 – 3 Months
* Primitive Reflexes
Examples:
– Rooting reflex
– Mouth-opening reflex
– Phasic bite reflex
* Tongue flat and cupped
* Swallow triggered by the suck
* Jaw, tongue and lips do not move independent

4 – 6 Months
* Infantile reflexes become integrated
* Difficulty transferring semisolids to pharyngeal cavity
* A developing suck-swallow pattern
* Loss of semisolid food
* Jaw, [...]

Feeding Milestones-Birth to Four Years

Feeding Milestones-Birth to Four Years

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
1 Month

 

 

 

 

Opens/closes mouth in response to
 food

 

 

 

3 Months

 

 

 

 

Anticipatory facial response to bottle

 

 

 

4 Months

 

 

 

 

Pats bottle

 

 

 

5 – 6 Months

 

 

 

 

Holds bottle independently

 

 

 

 

Mouths and gums hard cookies

 

 

 

 

Swallows strained/pureed food

 

 

 

7 Months

 

 

 

 

Drinks from cup if held (6-8 months)

 

 

 

9 Months

 

 

 

 

Self-feeds crackers

 

 

 

11 Months

 

 

 

 

Finger feeds (9 – 12 months)

 

 

 

12 Months

 

 

 

 

Holds handle of cup while drinking

 

 

 

15 Months

 

 

 

 

Brings filled spoon to mouth (12 [...]

Developmental milestones and feeding skills birth to 36 months

 
 

Age (months)

Development/posture

Feeding/oral sensorimotor

 

Birth to 4–6

Neck and trunk with balanced flexor and extensor tone
Visual fixation and tracking
Learning to control body against gravity
Sitting with support near 6 months
Rolling over
Brings hands to mouth

Nipple feeding, breast, or bottle
Hand on bottle during feeding (2–4 months)
Maintains semiflexed posture during feeding
Promotion of infant–parent interaction

6–9 (transition feeding)

Sitting independently for short time
Self-oral stimulation (mouthing [...]

PERKEMBANGAN FISIOLOGI NORMAL

Proses mekanis tubuh dalam kegiatan makan pada anak adalah mulai dari makanan masuk ke mulut, melalui tenggorokan dan dicerna di lambung dan saluran cerna lainnya merupakan proses yang kompleks.
Secara funsional dibagi dalam 5 fase, meliputi Fase para-oral, oral, esofageal, esofagial dan gastrointestinal.

Fase pra-oral (sebelum mulut)
Fase pre-oral diawali ketika anak merasakan sensasi lapar dan haus dengan [...]